Computers :: essays research papers

PCs have made some amazing progress over the most recent 40 years. From the room-filling machines of the 60's to the moderately minuscule, smooth ATX structure factor. The primary purpose behind this accomplishment to be conceivable is the approach of the microchip made by IBM. This organization had altered the universe of PC and manufactured the basis for the cutting edge PC. In the late 70’s, IBM was searching for somebody to program a working framework for the progressive PC. They looked to one man by the name of Bill Gates who was firing up his own product organization in the wake of dropping out of Harvard Law. Doors was consistently a pro with PCs so beginning his own product organization was a breeze for him and accomplice Paul Allen. While in secondary school, Gates made a program that would set him up to take all the classes with pretty young ladies and another program to set the seating outlines in the space to boost each class to have him in a similar room, however in closeness. Doors and associates at Microsoft acknowledged the demand of making a working framework for IBM’s PC. They thought of MS-DOS, or Microsoft-Disk Operating System. IBM adored it and it was executed on each new PC that IBM made. A long time passed and advancements to working frameworks continued climbing. By the late 80’s, Microsoft had made various adaptations of MS-DOS with each enhancing the last mentioned. At that point, in spring of '89 they had divulged Microsoft Windows. A graphical interface consolidated a mouse and engaging looks. From the start Windows was not broadly acknowledged, yet after experimentation with variants to follow, Microsoft increased enough help to mass execute the framework around the world. By 1995, Microsoft hit one more benchmark when it presented Microsoft Windows 95. This working framework had more highlights and better similarity, however was somewhat temperamental on dependability. Microsoft's reaction to that was their Windows 98 which transformed into a similar story.

Plan for Upgrading Club Capacity of Golf Club-Samples for Students

Question: Supplant a deck and the front yard scene for a private golf club recreationcenter. There are 2000 individuals from the golf club amusement focus. On the Basis of Above Information Write The Project Scope And Prject Exclusions. Answer: Presentation: In this undertaking we are looking forward on the extent of exercises which are followed for the entertainment of the deck and the arranging arrangement of the golf club. The proposed limit of the golf base is on 2000. The reason for the venture is to make an arrangement for redesigning the whole club limit of the golf club. Undertaking objective The objective of the undertaking is to build up a deck and the front yard finishing framework for the entertainment focal point of the private objective club. Undertaking Scope The notoriety of the golf place is getting high in the neighborhood network individuals. The clients need to take the enrollment of the golf club. The task proprietor needs to revamp and expand the limit of the deck and the finishing framework as per the expanding limit of the individuals which is to be around 2000. The engineering of the new model ought to have the ability to pull in an ever increasing number of clients towards the club for expanding its gainfulness (Delhi Development Authority, 2017). In-scope exercises: Occasional game plan of the gatherings between the undertaking supervisor and the related partners of the club. The prerequisite determination plan ought to be created by the necessity put by the task proprietor Giving obviously characterized job and duties to the colleagues Building up the group structure plan and association outline Preparing and advancement program for performing moral lead Planning of the task plan based on necessity determination structure Concentrate ought to be given on the limitations which can be risky in the fruition of the venture (Passenheim, 2009) Proposed reserve ought to be affirmed from the venture supporter for dealing with the assets and hardware as indicated by the interest of the site (Ditto, 2016) The action plan ought to be grown in order to finish the task inside the endorsed timetable. Taking understanding from the temporary worker to oversee flexibly and request of the material on request (Morris, 2015) The beginning date of the task ought to be 10 April, 2018 The fruition date of the task ought to be 31 July, 2018 Out of Scope exercises: Suppositions ought not be made Writing survey ought not be mulled over No spotlight ought to be given on the advertising methodology Structuring of the Landscaping Interchange program to the temporary worker for overseeing flexibly and request of the assets End The improvement plan of the undertaking ought to be planned inside the time of four months. The venture exercises ought to be booked for dealing with the interdependencies of the attempted assignment. The assets ought to be allotted to the exercises based on their prerequisite. The accentuation ought to be given on the endorsement of the store from the venture supports. References: Delhi Development authority. (2017). Solicitation for proposition for commitment of a golf compositional club. Recovered from https://dda.org.in/sports/RFP%20Dwarka%20Golf%20Course.pdf Same, W. (2016). Coligon golf structure. Recovered from https://arlingtontx.granicus.com/MetaViewer.php?view_id=9clip_id=1380meta_id=161281 Morris, P. (2015). Research and the eventual fate of venture the board. Recovered from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/17538371011014080 Passenheim, O. (2009). Venture Management. Recovered from https://home.hit.no/~hansha/reports/theories/projectmanagement.pdf

Information Security Management ( Study Case ) Essay

Data Security Management ( Study Case ) - Essay Example Charlie must receive some close to home procedure to cause top administration to understand the need and essentialness of data innovation in their firm. He should clarify them the advantages of receiving data security by contrasting their firm and different firms. b) The most significant exhortation to Iris: The most significant guidance is to cause the top administration to comprehend the requirement for data security. From the representation, it is comprehended that Random Widget Works gives minimal need to data security. Causing the administration to comprehend its significance will let the administration take activities for encircling new strategies and assigning adequate assets to offer security to information and data. C5 a) Confidential Information Confidential Information means the records that ought not be imparted to anybody outside the association. Model Documents that can be ordered â€Å"Confidential’ Strategic Planning Document Technical records Information abou t customers Sensitive Information: Sensitive Information signifies the arrangement of archives that require exceptional consideration and must be kept from unapproved access, use or revelation. Delicate data can be either private or open. Be that as it may, a significant level of honesty is to be kept up if there should be an occurrence of delicate data (part 5). ... These archives are given only discharged with the goal of giving the open some data about the organization. Model Documents that can be characterized â€Å"Public† Profit and misfortune account proclamation Balance sheet articulation Registration subtleties of the organization b) Label plan to connect with characterization framework: The security marks are an absolute necessity for all records so as to get exceptional status. Any security name has the accompanying four parts. Security Policy. Grouping. Classifications Privacy Mark There are diverse naming plans followed by various associations. Be that as it may, for Random Widget works, the accompanying plans would be useful. Secret data: Confidential reports must be bound with white spread, with the content â€Å"CONFIDENTIAL†, stepped slantingly over the archive in red shading. Touchy Information: Sensitive data must be secured with white wrapper with the content â€Å"SENSITIVE† stepped corner to corner over the report in yellow shading. Open Information: Public reports could conceivably have stamps marked on them. In any case, a green shading stamp will let the client effectively recognize that the record could be discharged for open use. C6 an) Incident or Disaster? The present event was only a â€Å"Incident† according to Iris’s perspective. As indicated by our case, both Joel and Harry had spared their records and sent ‘to the print server. There were 80% odds of recuperation of information. This would have been known as a â€Å"disaster†, if there were no odds of recuperation of information. Had it been a debacle Iris would have appointed obligations to Harry and Joel. Recuperation of information holds incredible noteworthiness in associations as a large portion of the information are secret and contains secure data that can cause a fiasco

Is leadership something that comes naturally Essay

Is administration something that falls into place without a hitch - Essay Example (1999) are of the conclusion that pioneers are made since broad preparing is required regardless, in this manner the individuals who feels that pioneers are brought into the world will be not able to clarify why at that point preparing and advancement meetings are held so as to make a pioneer increasingly fruitful. Eric Garner (2005) is against the colloquialism that pioneers are conceived. It takes certain endeavors so as to turn into a pioneer. Earn are of the feeling that it isn't sufficient to be brought into the world with specific characteristics, an individual likewise must know about how these could be utilized so as to create results. Wally Bock (2006) embraced a fair methodology while communicating his perspectives regarding the matter. He says authority comes both normally and with instruction and experience. He says that it can't be only one of the two, else we would have had pioneers who have no instructions at all and they would be exceptionally effective or in the other case we would have had pioneers who are similar since they have gotten similar training and were prepared to turn into a model chief. A greater part of scholars are concurring with the assessment of Bock. They, be that as it may, contend about which characteristics must be natural and which characteristics should accompany instruction and experience. They state that anybody can figure out how to turn into a pioneer. In any case, there are a few characteristics that can't be instructed, the alleged impalpable ones, and the ones that can't be estimated and clarified, for example, regular dynamic, complex critical thinking, and self-improvement and gathering advancement. Then again, there are numerous characteristics that can be educated, for example, time and errand the executives, relational abilities, exchange aptitudes, ways how data can be introduced, discussing and in particular inspiring. Without building up the capacities that are even intrinsic separated from learning new ones a pioneer will never get fruitful. Duggan and colleagues (2007) propose that for getting effective in calling, pioneers must concentrate on self-advancement, in this manner, be very

Fall 2017 New Students Series Dian Dong COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2017 New Students Series Dian Dong COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog In todays installment of our New Students Series,  were welcoming  Dian Dong from Hangzhou in Zhejiang, China. Dian studied sociology at the University of Maryland in the United States, and is currently working  on education and student privacy issues.  While working on US-China relations, she found her calling in international  affairs and technology and hopes to strengthen those skillsets while at SIPA.  Dian describes reading her SIPA admission letter as one of the happiest moments in my life, and she plans to make every second at SIPA count.   Full Name:  Dian Dong Age: 23 Degree Program: Master of International Affairs Concentration: Economic and Political Development Hometown:  Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Undergraduate University: University of Maryland, College Park Undergraduate Major: Sociology Undergraduate Graduation Year: 2016 What’s your professional background?   Upon graduation, I have been working on educational initiatives that address the improvement of student performance domestically and internationally as well as the protection of student privacy. I also worked on the 1 Million Strong initiative that strengthens US-China relations and improves mutual understanding through educational exchange programs. Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in?   My academic background is in social sciences, but I discovered my interest in international affairs through working. I hope to learn more about technology and entrepreneurship at SIPA and gain more experiences to work on international education projects. What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? I held my breath and read the first sentence of the acceptance letter more than three times just to make sure I didnt read it wrong, and then I experienced one of the happiest moments in my life. Why did you say yes to SIPA? SIPA has the most global policy program the diverse student body and rigorous academic programs make SIPA my number one choice. What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? I look forward to learning from the world-class faculty and classmates. Im also excited to field questions and objections from professors and fellow SIPA classmates great ideas may be generated in the next two years! Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? A SIPA alumni once told me that its hard to find work-life balance in graduate school. Although I probably will never have enough time, I hope to make every second at SIPA worthwhile. What are your goals after SIPA? After SIPA, I want to be an expert in applying technology to expand educational access and to promote cultural exchanges and help people establish global awareness across countries. If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? As a sociology major in college, I learn to always put oneself in others shoes. With a focus on humanism, I want to help people step out of their comfort zone, and foster mutual understanding through storytelling, social media campaigns, educational opportunities, and technology. Tell us something interesting about yourself: I love hiking, yoga, and playing the ukulele. Still working on being a minimalist. [Photo courtesy of Dian Dong] *Note: This series is published in its original form with no editing.

Research On The Banking System In Thailand Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Thailand was regarded as Asias Tiger in 1990s, where the economic situation is thriving. Thailand had a strong growth in Gross Domestic Capital of 11.5% from year 1987-1996. However, Thailand was seriously affected by the Asian Financial turmoil. It is suggested that the great fall during Asian Financial turmoil is mainly caused by the poor monitoring and control over of various financial institutions there, mainly the commercial banks. Also, the recent political instability has driven lots of investment away from Thailand. Therefore, in the following parts, I will investigate the financial institutions, with the focus of the Banking sector. In this essay, we are going to look into the history of the banking sector in Thailand and some of the features of the banking institutions there which hopes to have an overview of the countrys banking sector. The History of the Banking System in Thailand The Thailand banking sector once had a close relationship with the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC). In 1865, the HSBC sent its staff into the capital of Thailand, Bangkok. Later in 1888, a new branch was set up in Thailand by HSBC. At that time, HSBC was the pioneer bank to have branch there to facilitate the capital movement in Thailand. Subsequently, the Chartered Bank followed in 1894, and in 1897 Banque de I Indochine (a bank from France) also built branches in Thailand with an aim to facilitate international trading with Thailand (Blanchard, 1958). This was the time the foreign banks enter the Thailand market. The officially first Thai bank, which is named as the Siam Commercial Bank, was actually formed in year 1906 by Chinese. After that, more and more local banks were being established which eventually captured back the market share from the foreign banks. In order to support and protect the local banks, Thailand had adopted a policy which restricts foreign bank to own only one branch in Thailand after the Second World War. This policy limits the growth of the foreign banks which in return provides opportunity for local bank to grow. Since the rapid economic growth in1960s brings an opportunity of facilitating economic investment and funding to support the improvement of banking system. A rapid development of banks in Thailand is resulted, and in the peak period, there are around 3,000 banks in Thailand. Introduction of the Banking Institutions in Thailand The banking system in Thailand can be divided into the following: Bank of Thailand(BOT), the central bank 12 domestic commercial banks and 18 commercial banks from other countries 27 international banking facilities (IBF) 5 specialized banks, including the Small and Medium Enterprise Development Bank of Thailand, the Government Saving Bank (GSB), the Bank of Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC), the Government Housing Bank (GSB) and the Export-Import Bank of Thailand (EXIM Bank) Most of the IBFs in Thailand are controlled by the commercial banks in Thailand too. Among the twenty-seven IBF licenses, 8 is under the control of local commercial banks while 15 are under the control of foreign commercial banks. In the following parts, we will now explore the banking financial institutions respectively. The Central Bank in Thailand An organization which performs similar duty of the central bank was formed in 1939, named the Thai National Banking Bureau which is under a department of the Ministry of Finance in Thailand. Later, the Bureau was converted into a central bank (the Bank of Thailand, BOT), after the Bank of Thailand Act in 1942 when Thailand learnt from the successful experience of other countries powerful central banking system. The responsibilities of the Bank of Thailand include the following: To issue currencies that are in circulation in Thailand and other security documents in Thailand. The central bank has a monopoly banknotes-issuing as the sole-issuer. To Maintian monetary stability and formulate monetary policies by the following (BOT, 2007): mobilize the deposits, determine the interest rate for loans to financial institutions, trading foreign exchange and exchanging for the future cash flow, borrowing foreign exchange in order to maintain the monetary stability, borrowing money in order to implement the monetary policy, trading securities as necessary and exchanging for the future cash flow in order to control the money supply in the countrys financial system, borrowing or lending the securities with or without returns. Provide banking services to the government and act as the recorder of bonds issued by the government Provide banking services for the financial institutions, importantly acting as the last resort for financial instit ute Supervise and monitor financial institute by requesting explanation of report of the banks operation. Build or back the payment system control, monitors, and check the financial situation and porformance, and risk management system of the financial institutions in order to promote financial institutions stability. (BOT, 2008) handle and control Thailands foreign exchange rate and manage assets in the currency reserve according to the Currency Act. (BOT, 2008) express Thailands views and fight for Thailands interest in the international platforms including the IMF and Asian Development Bank The central bank of Thailand has an irreplaceable role in financial institutions supervision and monitoring the economics growth with useful monetary policies. Both on-site and off-site methods are used for monitoring. On-site methods refer to sudden tangible inspections performed at least once a year on the commercial banks. Off-site methods refer to investigating the wee kly, monthly, or annually reports collect from the existing financial institutions on various kinds of operations. (Supervision Group Policy, Bank of Thailand, 2002). It is believed that the tight supervision help to achieve a controlled level of GDP growth in a safety range of 5% which is close to the international standard. This helps to build confidence that Thailand will not make the same mistakes they did before the Asian Financial Crisis (Poor surveillance in banking sectors). Thailand Commercial Banks review The dominating group in the Banking sector is the commercial banks. There are a total of14 Thai Banks and 16 Foreign Banks taking control of 70% of the local household savings and credits in the whole banking system which is approximately 2,800 million dollars. 79 percent of the money was in the form of bill, loans, and overdrafts. Commercial banks lending are comprised 25% on manufacturing, 20%in wholesale and retail trade and 11% in the form of working capital financing, and imports and exports respectively. Currently, the dominating commercial banks are the following: The Bangkok Bank, The Thai Farmers Bank, The Krunk Thai Bank The Siam Commercial Bank. In the 1990s, the above four banks own almost 70% of the assets in the banking system and which is equivalent to 75% of total assets in Thai banking system in private banks. The functions of the commercial banks in Thailand includes the following Offers time deposits, saving deposits and Current deposits. issues certificate of deposit, provides mortgage, provides loans to foreigners and provides loans to meet domestic demand of loan, trades financial securities in the foreign exchange markets The sources of funding of the Thailand banking system are mainly from deposits, which is different from Hong Kong relying heavily on inter-bank borrowing. Control on Commercial Bank After the passing of Commercial Banking Act, Commercial banks have to follow strict regulations imposed by the local government. They also are required to get permission from the Ministry of Finance (MOF). Regulations for the maintenance of capital funds and reserves are created because of the Act. Since then, the commercial banks are restricted to maintain destined amount and fixed assets type in the country. (BOT 2008) it is regulated that the bank must transfer at least 15% of earnings into reserves. Dividends are limited to 15% of reserves unless the amount of reserves is greater than 60% of their paid-in capital. The banks must maintain a capital adequacy of approximately 10% to the two tiered capital standard regulated by the Basle Committee Capital Accord in 1988. After the Asian Financial turmoil, the regulated reform of banking sector had attracted many foreign banks and capitals entering into Thailand. Foreign banks are found out to be more competitive when compared to local banks with better management. It is believed that the reform is beneficial to the banking sector. The comparative advantages of the foreign banking were brought into Thailand by the foreign investors, and it also flows with capitals from other countries. The competitive environment can help customers to have a better service in the future. Overview of the Other Specialized Banks in Thailand There are 5 specialized banks and they are: Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives It is formed at 1966. The aim is to provide credit for farmers who find it difficult to make loan from commercial banks or the farmers cannot afford to pay the high interest in financing. The bank promotes agricultural industry by offering financial assistance to the farmers. Nowadays, it is regarded as a diversified rural bank which provides a large variety of financial services. The Small and Medium Enterprise Development Bank of Thailand It is established to assist the growth of small and medium enterprises by giving them financial support such as loans, venture capital or other consultancy service. The Government Saving Bank GSB was established in 1913. The GSBs original use was to gather and provide funds to support the large amount of government deficits. Nowadays, GSB focus more on the private sector. The Government Housing Bank GHB was formed in 1953, which specializes in providing mortgage lending to the targeted low or middle income group in order to provide funding for them to but houses at a lower interest. It also provides long-term mortgage loans for individual borrowers and construction loans for property developers to assist their residential building development projects. Export-Import Bank of Thailand (EXIM Bank) Established in 1993, provides financial aid for international trading and foreign investment which aims to help to boost Thailand exports and attract investors. If offers direct loans and guarantees loans, insurance on exports and consultancy service to Thai exporters and investors. The predicted Trend of the Thailand Banking System The Asian Financial Crisis helped to spot the problem of the absence of surveillance and monitoring in Thailand Banking system after 1997. With the new law requirement of handling in operational reports about transaction to the central Bank and the regulating body, the malpractice in banking sector is spotted and reforms are being made to prevent the problem. The fierce competition in banking sector brought from the entry of foreign bank in the banking sector in Thailand heat up the operational changes in terms of providing a wider source of capital, improving the technological level, updating management on operations with a focus of marketing strategies. In order to be customer friendly, many banks has increased the coverage and scale of Automatic machine use (ATMS) and build more branches in mass transit and supermarkets, to attract real estate purchases to use the service, flexible mortgage-loan package are provided in lower interest rate. To cope with the competitions, lo cal Thai banks are focusing more on customer relation management and also internal managing system. For example they have formed an e-banking systems and installing more ATM machines. We can foresee that with the improved management focusing customer perspectives, more customers are willing to use the banking system in Thailand. With the external monitoring system improvement and internal operation improvement in the banking sector, we can see the opportunities in Thailand banking sector and the potential of growth is high. Conclusion After looking into the different banking sector in Thailand, we can conclude that the Thailand banking system is developing in a moderate pace when compared to other banking systems in the world. As mentioned before, we can conclude that Thailand government has done quite a lot in improving the Banking sectors there. However, as the political situation In Thailand is very unstable, we cannot foresee an opportunity that the banking sector will grow as the instability will drives away foreign investments and capital and at the same time, affecting the currency and economics activities such as real estates performance, which is heavily-linked with the banking industry. Therefore, if the government needs to improve the banking sector, it must keep an eye on the political and social stability.

Modernism in the Old Man the Sea - 3759 Words

Modernism in Earnest Hemingway’s Literature â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† Introduction: 1. The definition of Modernism 2. The definition of Realism 3. The definition of terms 4. The significance of the study Chapter one: 1. The theory of Modernism 2.1. Stream of consciousness 2.2. Internal monologue 2. Realism as a literary technique 3.3. Internal realism Chapter two: 1. the implication of American modernism through the main characters â€Å"Santiago† †¦ 2. The implication of stream of consciousness through the main characters †¦ 2.1. the implication of internal monologue through the main characters 3. The relationship between Santiago and Nature 3.1. Earnest’s†¦show more content†¦In philosophy, the rationalist, materialist and positivist movements established a primacy of reason and system. Modernism as a literary movement reached its height in Europe between 1900 and the mid1920s.‘Modernist’ literature addressed aesthetic problems similar to those examined in non-literary forms of contemporaneous Modernist art, such as painting. The general thematic concerns of Modernist literature are well-summarized by the sociologist Georg Simmel: â€Å"The deepest problems of modern life derive from the claim of the individual to preserve the autonomy and individuality of his existence in the face of overwhelming social forces, of historical heritage, of external culture, and of the technique of life†. The Modernist emphasis on radical individualism can be seen in the many literary manifestos issued by various groups within the movement. The Explosion of Modernism: 1910-1930: On the eve of World War I, a growing tension and , unease with the social order, manifested itself in artistic works in every medium which radically simplified or rejected previous practice. These developments began to give a new meaning to what was termed Modernism‘: it embraced disruption, rejecting or moving beyond simple Realism in literature and art. The Great War of 1914-18 marks a fundamental break between the old world and the new. The experience of the war shattered people’s faith in society and its institutions. People were horrified by the effects of war and mechanized societyShow MoreRelatedModernism Defined in T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and James Joyces The Dead1506 Words   |  7 PagesModernism is by no means easy to define. In fact, no one is exactly sure if the movement has even ended yet. But that’s befitting of the period, as well as the pieces of literature that serve to define Modernism. Two pieces, T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and James Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead†, are epitomes of this modernism. In both, the main characters are paralyzed by an inability to communicate, even while speaking. 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The Second Amendment and Stand Your Ground - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 791 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/03/20 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Control Essay Second Amendment Essay Did you like this example? The Second Amendment was added to the Constitution with its ratification of the Bill of Rights 1791. It states: A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. **At this time, our founding fathers were setting up the United States and creating our Constitution. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Second Amendment and Stand Your Ground" essay for you Create order In the United States there were two major groups of power: Federalists and Anti-Federalists. The Federalists aspired to have a strong central government. The Anti-Federalists†fearing monarchy and tyranny† desired strong state governments of the individual thirteen states. This dispute progressed into the United States military: would we have a powerful army needed to protect from foreign attacks as the Federalists urged for, or, would the Anti-Federalists idea of state militias be the answer. Because of the oppression from the British army both before and during the Revolution, Anti-Federalists were concerned with the idea of one large military force. At this time in 1775, gun ownership was already well-established; however, guns were used to protect the United States from a dictatorship, as well as keeping power over colonists slaves. Southern militias were less worried about protecting themselves against an oppressive military, and more concerned with making sure their slaves knewthat they could not leave. If they tried to leave, they would be shot. Guns were also used to prevent rebellions against slave-owners. It was necessary to keep in mind the Federalists, Anti-Federalists, Northern Militia, and Southern Militia, when drafting the Second Amendment. Because the Constitution established a Federal army, the Second Amendment was created as a compromise in hopes to prevent the Federalists army from rebellion against the government. The Second Amendment was made to releive tension between the states and Federal government. Unlike the hotly debate of the Second Amendments right to bear arms, during this time it was used to enable citizens to be part of a collective militia that would avert the use of the nations military at home. With the country growing, contrasting opinions and perceptions arose about the Second Amendment. The right to gun ownership†beyond the context of military use† was established in the Supreme Court cases District of Columbia v. Dick Anthony Heller. This case was a landmark case for gun-owners in the United States. Heller, A D.C. police officer, applied and was ultimately denied a permit to carry a handgun with him at home. The Supreme Court ruled that this was in violation of his Second Amendment rights, and the ruling was overturned. Scalia, who wrote the majority opinion explained: the Second Amendment Guaranteed an individual right to possess and carry weapons in case of confrontation***. In this case, the court placed limits on firearm propriety for convicted felons, school campuses, as well as governmental buildings. This standing diverged from legal precedent, which is one of the reasons Hellers case is so monumental when it comes to gun rights. Stand Your Ground Laws are the legal validation of using self-defense to protect oneself from a threat, and using deadly force if necessary. Stand Your Ground Laws originate from the Castle Doctrine, which names a persons residency their castle. According to the Castle Doctrine, a vulnerable person has no duty to retreat from his home, as they did in English Common Law. Now-a-days, a persons castle extends from not only there home, but someones hotel room, garage, car, and workplace. In the 2000s, with the help of the National Rifle Association and the American Legal Exchange Council, Stand Your Ground Laws were expanded in the South. Floridas Stand Your Ground Laws have been noted as some of the harshest. In 2005, Governor Jeb Bush passed the Stand Your Ground Law, basically exempting then from prosecution, as long as he can prove that the use of weapon was needed to prevent death. Even more despicably, in some states, Stand Your Ground Laws require prosecution to prove that the individual who was threatened was not in the right for defending their property. According to Giffords Law Center, thirty-three states have enacted and interpreted their own Stand Your Ground policies. In 1895, the Supreme Court case Beard v. United Statesstated that an individual who is threatened on his own premises but has not provoked the assault or potential assault is not obliged to retreat, nor to consider whether he could safely retreat, but is entitled to stand his ground**. This case is precedent for the Castle Doctrine. The success of Stand Your Ground Laws in preventing acts of violent crime is hard to calculate. It is difficu lt to name Stand Your Ground Laws as the sole reason from decrease in crime, as demographic shifts, the imposition of harsher sentencing rules, or improving economic conditions all have contributed as well.

Italys Economy Of Italy - 1733 Words

Italy’s Economy Today Italy has the ninth largest economy in the world (â€Å"Economic Forecasts†). This beautiful place is located in the European zone, and its capital is Rome. I have never traveled outside of the United States, and I would love to travel to Europe and explore Italy. As a result, I researched about the economy of Italy. I gathered that it has a stable economy due to the manufacturing and industrial sectors, but it has had some complications in the past years. I also researched about its GDP and retirement plans. First off, Italy relies primarily in the service sector. This is the best way of increasing its economy. The service sector consists of almost three-fourths of Italy’s total GDP (â€Å"Economic Forecasts†). It makes up†¦show more content†¦The tourists spend money on beautiful hotels, shops, restaurants, and much more. Italy’s landscape brings in millions of tourists that increase Italy’s GDP. This all leaves Italy a little wealthier and increases the country’s economy. Around forty million tourists visit Italy yearly, making tourism a great contributor to Italy’s economy (â€Å"Maurizio Russo: Exclusively†). Some of the most toured places are Venice, Genoa, and Rome. Italy is well known for these wonderful places, and they bring in the greatest profit from the tourists. Tourism brings in over thirty billion euros to Italy’s economy, and produces over one million jobs (Pike). Since Italy is such a beautiful country, tou rism is a huge economic factor and contributor. On the other hand, Italy’s economy relays secondly on the industry sector. The manufacturing sector within the industry sector makes up for the other one-fourth of Italy’s total GDP (â€Å"Economic Forecasts†). Twenty-five percent of Italy’s economy is made up of producing manufactured goods (â€Å"Economic Forecasts†). These goods are a main contributor, and they make up a big portion of Italy’s GDP. The economy of Italy is conformed of different size firms, and ninety-three percent are family-owned (Pike). The small and medium firms specialize in a particular part of production. Italy also has large industries that contribute to its economy, and these industries

Illiteracy Among African Americans Essay - 1577 Words

Running Head: Illiteracy among African Americans Illiteracy among African Americans LaKisha Heard Marygrove College Abstract The high rate of illiteracy is a major problem in the United States. Although there have been programs and initiatives started to eradicate this problem, illiteracy still plagues millions of Americans. Out of all ethnic groups, African Americans have a higher illiteracy rate. Within this project, the causes of illiteracy are revealed and viable solutions to this on-going problem will be discussed. Illiteracy Among African-Americans African-American adults do not have the ability or proper skills to read, write, or speak English correctly. African-Americans have the lowest level of literacy rates in†¦show more content†¦These African Americans with low income rates are also receiving help from the government. African American illiteracy is common because researchers feel; this ability is from cognitive and physical effects of age. Researchers feel African American are not expand to assessments of printed material written. African Americans proficiencies results showed t hirty-eight percent of them scored high on there examine. The United States has specialized a program in the schools, recreation centers, and after school programs from literacy. African Americans with illiteracy receive basic skills courses to enhance their reading, writing, and English skills. The African American programs illiteracy that supports the group by designing fundamental speaking and educational classes. These classes will better prepare and motivate African American to get their GED and workforce training. African Americans have the most students of 76% or more enrolled in these classes for illiteracy. African Americans also have outreach programs for illiteracy throughout the region. African American regions are processing new strategies for people below average functioning under level number one literacy. 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This paper will examine intergenerational illiteracy and programs that increase family literacy while decreasing high school dropout. To answer the question; Does intergenerational illiteracy affect educational achievement and what can be done to decrease intergenerational illiteracy and increase literacy education levels? This paper will analyze research that shows the connection between parental literacy andRead MoreHealth Promotion Among Black or African Population Gcu1095 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Promotion Among Black or African American Population [Your Name] Grand Canyon University: Family-Centered Health Promotion(NRS-429V) January 10, 2016  Health Promotion Among Black or African American Population The Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2015) notes that â€Å"Starting in 1997, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) requires federal agencies to use a minimum of five race categories: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska NativeRead MoreEssay on Strom Thurmond1063 Words   |  5 Pageswas able to defeat 10 other candidates. Strom Thurmond has been a strong personal influence on Southern politics. 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And, with such a rapid development of diversity in such a short amountRead MoreEssay on Social Aspect of Substance Abuse1001 Words   |  5 Pagesaddiction is often defined as an illness not just of the individual but of the whole family. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)’s 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that an estimated 22 million Americans age 12 or older suffered from substance dependence or abuse due to alcohol, illicit drugs or both. There are many different social aspects for drug use and it presents a challenge to the stability and influence of any family. Wormer Davis (2010)Read MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker966 Words   |  4 Pagesreading and writing have become normal acts and a basic needs. A large number of children have been enrolled into schools as a basic requirement. In this context however, ability to read and write symbolizes power. The setting is that of black Americans among whites. Reading and writing was a reserve of the whites. The narrator dropped out in second grade and does not know how to read or write. She also says they could not ask why their school closed; showing a lack of power. Dee seems to possess aRead MoreVaccination Crisis And Controversies Of Africa1620 Words   |  7 PagesMarin Lucio Mare October 18, 2017 Midterm Report: â€Å"Vaccination Crisis and Controversies in Africa† The Africa past colonial, past aftereffects, and its evils like malnutrition, illiteracy, war and the refusal of a part of the population in the developed countries especially in America to let American children get vaccinated raised the problem of vaccination especially in a bruised population in Africa. The current problem is whether to suspend vaccination campaigns or to continue the vaccinationRead MoreThe Effects Of Racial Discrimination On Brazil s Situation By Disproving The Idea That It Is A Racial Democracy1603 Words   |  7 PagesBrazil as a ‘racial democracy’. A country that escaped racism and racial discrimination due to its unique miscegenation between the three races present at the time: Portuguese, African slaves and indigenous people. Where, as a member of this ‘racially democratic’ society, I would supposedly be treated the same way as say, african-brazilians, descendants of Italians, or native brazilians. However, by living in, growing u p in, and experiencing Brazil’s culture, I can definitely state that this is but aRead MoreWashington vs. Du Bois Dbq1362 Words   |  6 Pagesmore effective and appropriate proposition for the time whereas Du Boiss approach is precedent to movements in the future. Both have equal influence over African Americans in politics. Washingtons proposal excels in reference to education while Du Bois can be noted for achieving true respect from white Americans. Du Bois urged African Americans to involve themselves in politics. Gaining this power would be essential to immediate beseeching of rights. 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12 Step Free Essays

12-Step/Mutual Support Group Meeting Directions and Requirements Read Chapter 10 in advance of attending the meeting. 1. Students should choose the type of meeting they wish to attend: Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Overeaters Anonymous, Reformers Unanimous etc. We will write a custom essay sample on 12 Step or any similar topic only for you Order Now Look in Chapter 10 for a list of others. Often these meetings are held at churches, shelters, and helping agencies. They are offered at various times of the day and multiple times each week. Rocky Mount has some really great AA and NA groups but you may attend anywhere you choose. 2. Go online for a meeting schedule for your area. Google the meeting type and then your county/town for a full listing. 3. Choose an OPEN (O) or Open Speaker (OS or Sp) meeting to attend. Do NOT attend a CLOSED meeting as they are for members only. 4. Do NOT take notes or attempt in any way to record the meeting; you are there to observe. Taking notes has the potential to violate the anonymous nature of these group fellowships. Recording the meeting is a violation of privacy and law! 5. Be respectful by identifying yourself by first name only and as a visitor or by saying you are there to learn about the program if asked. . You are there to OBSERVE, so do not attempt to interview members of the fellowship. Attend the meeting and experience what the members offer through sharing. Stay for the entire meeting. 7. ————————————————- After the meeting, privately jot down some immediate thoughts and reactions to what you observed and learned. Use first names ONLY if you recount a members story. ————————————————- ————————————————- These meetings usually have light refreshments (coffee, cookies, etc. . Also, many of the fellowships are self-supporting, so a basket may be passed around at the end of the meeting to collect $1 from members. You may contribute $1 if you choose to, but you are not expected to do so since you are not a member. Simply pass the basket to the next person. Out of respect for the meeting process, please avoid getting up or moving around during the meeting (as in going to the bathroom, etc). Although I think the experience is more meaningful when students attend alone, you may elect to go with one nother person. Please do not attend in small groups which will only dra w attention to yourselves and create a spectacle. At all times be mindful that you are entering a safe and sacred space for those who suffer from addiction. Meetings often begin and end with a prayer. If you are not comfortable joining in the group prayer, feel free to simply remain silent. In preparing the paper for submission you will need to address the following: 1. What were your thoughts, feelings, preconceived notions prior to attending the meeting. 2. Describe the demographics of the fellowship: race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), gender, age, etc. 3. Describe the atmosphere of the fellowship, the meeting dynamics, and the group norms. How did the meeting progress? 4. Detail what you learned about those with chemical dependency, addiction, yourself, and your community through this event. What surprised you or impressed you? 5. How will your work as a social work practitioner or human service worker be impacted by what you have learned about 12-Step / Mutual Support Groups? Required: TNR 12 font, in-text references from the textbook with a reference page, and 4-6 pages of reflection and analysis tying back the experience of the meeting with the learning from the textbook and course. Upload the file in the DF in Moodle or email the Word document as an attachment through the student email account before the deadline. Late Policy applies to this assignment, so please submit it before the due date and time to insure the most points possible! Consult Moodle and the Course Outline for the deadline. How to cite 12 Step, Papers

Espionage In Wwii Essay Example For Students

Espionage In Wwii Essay Many of us can remember playing childhood games when we were younger. One of my personal favorites was hide and seek. My favorite part of the game was when I was hiding and tried to watch where the seeker looked while he or she searched. Of course I could have been caught, but it wasnt a big deal at the time. What would happen though if the seeker didnt know who he was looking for, but knew someone was hiding? How would he go about finding the person? Further more how much more could the person accomplish if they were hiding right in front of them, but the seeker did not know? Well it may sound a little off, but that was basically the game of espionage. Spies would try to conceal themselves by gathering information at the same time. During times of war it was critical to keep your movements, plans, and technology secret so that enemies could not be prepared or be one-step ahead. Therefore spies would be a very influential on outcomes of wars. One of the wars that the USA needed espio nage help was in WWII. Not only did they need to get information but have counter intelligence to keep secrets away from Germany and their allies. Espionage helped the US during WWII in the defeat of Germany and their allies. Spies during WWII were intended to provide the basis for an accurate assessment of other nations intentions and military capabilities. Richelson, 103 In such a war a successful surprise attack could leave a victim staggered and ready for a knockout blow. 103 That meant it was critical for the USA to stop espionage from telling their moves and having their spies tell them about the planned attacks of the Axis Powers. This would help the USA to pull off critical assaults on Germany such as D-Day. But before the beginning of the end of the war came many other obstacles to be overcome by the US. At the beginning of the war all the major combatants had a place in code breaking establishments, all of which would experience explosive growth during the war. 173 These agencies would then go on to provide critical information during the war to provide information needed to combat the Axis. One of the most important needs for espionage was in the deciphering of the ENIGMA. 176 This was used to code and decode German messages sent and received between commanders and such. 176 It was very hard to decipher the ENIGMA because of the way it was set up. 176 What made it so difficult to decipher was the process by which a letter in an original message was transformed into a different one for the transmitted message. 176 The process involved, among other things, three motors in each machine that were chosen from a set of five. 176 Each of them had twenty-six settings, and a plugboard, which connected the keyboard letters to the lampboard letters. 176 For example the first time the L key was pressed a B might light up, but because the rotors turned further entries of L on the board would not produce another B but rather other letters. 176 US intelligence along with help from other countries was eventually able to make a duplicate machine that would help them in decoding messages . 177 Without help from espionage in this instance the US and their allies would be susceptible to unknown attacks and movements of armies without having a chance to prepare for it. Here to the use of American Espionage was evident in the fight against its oppressors. Without proper deciphering of messages the battles could have been altered for the side of the Axis. One particular instance in which the US used intelligence to gain an advantage when going to be attacked was the battle of Midway. The US intercepted an encrypted message from a Japanese Admiral and revealed the date in which the attacks were scheduled. O’Toole, 388 Therefore the US was able to have a task force waiting for the Japanese when they arrived. 389 It was said that Midway marked the turning point of the war for the pacific. 389 Again the use of Espionage provided huge results for American’s throughout the war with the Axis. Another importance of espionage in the war was that the Axis powers didn’t know that the Allies intercepted their communications. 392 Also, the British intercepted many messages that were given to the US as well. 392 The agreement they came upon to share intelligence was called the BRUSA. 392 This actually helped join the espionage together to use personnel along with technology of each other together with providing security for the operations. 392 Again the intelligence agencies of the USA helped them in winning the war by combining efforts with their allies. The Sequel to The Great Gatsby EssayThroughout many different other battles the US had information on various military movements of the Axis because of the share of there information with the British. O’Toole, 392 British intelligence had some information the US did not have against the Axis which proved very useful against their enemies. 393 British intelligence became of much use to the US throughout the world war and they intern continue to give there espionage information to them as well. This boded for a greater advancement in espionage because each of the countries best combined for great possibilities in that field. 395 Again, when USA intelligence ran into some trouble they continue to help with their efforts in winning the war by sharing and receiving information from the British. Perhaps the greatest contributions of the espionage in the USA were when the assault on D-Day took place. A plan finally arose after many days of scheming. Richelson, 154 It was called JEDBURGH. 154 The plan basically took many three manned teams that would infiltrate the area once the invasion began and started to gather intelligence, while others linked up with the masquisards. 154 They then continued to tell of German military movements, decipher intercepted messages and told airplanes where to drop the weapons that were needed to upend the German defense plans. 154 Additional sabotage operations forced Germans to communicate by radio and they became easier to intercept and decipher. 155 Espionage was needed to make this monumental assault a success for the Allies. During the war, the spies continued there hiding, while the Germans began to seek them. Americans came out with the upper end in the war. Espionage helped prepare defenses, win battles, and warn other allied powers of attacks of the Axis. On all accounts it seems that the USA could not have won the war without the help of their Espionage. Whether it be deciphering messages, recording military movements, or finding other spies, American espionage played a major role in the defeat of Germany and their allies during World War II. American Espionage stood up to the dangers that a soldier faced in battle and did not back down when their country needed them, even if it meant dying to keep a secret. BibliographyBIBLIOGRAPHYRichelson, Jeffrey. A Century of Spies Intelligence in the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, 1995. O’Toole, G. J. A. Honorable Treachery A History of U.S. Intelligence, Espionage, and Covert Action From the American Revolution to the CIA. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1991. Volkman, Ernest. Espionage The greatest Spy Operations of the 20th Century. John Wiley; Sons, Inc., 1995. Johnson, Loch K. Secret Agencies. Yale University, 1996. History Essays

Expectations for the rest of the play Essay Example For Students

Expectations for the rest of the play Essay The opening scene of this play is very cleverly written by Priestley, it sets the scene for the rest of the play and drops subtle hints throughout of what may happen later on in the plot. We watch this play in hindsight, because it was shown for the first time in 1946, but was set in 1912, which is something to bare in mind while looking at dramatic techniques, such as irony. In this essay Im going to explore Priestleys dramatic methods in the opening scene of the play, right up to when Edna introduces Inspector Goole. I am going to try and see how Priestley shapes the audiences expectations for the rest of the play, and in particular reference to characterisation, plot and social/political themes. I will be trying to analyse the effects of dramatic devises and structures, I will be looking at the layers of meaning expressed in language, ideas and themes. I will try to reflect on the effects of character and action and discuss the social and historical context. By looking at all the dramatic methods used in the first scene I should be able to do this. What the set is like determines the audiences expectations for the rest of the play. We can look at the stage directions right at the start (and although the audience couldnt see it in writing, they would still be able to see it on stage), because this helps us see what the familys house is like at the start, and there fore give us an insight to what the world around the out side of the characters is like and their relationship with it. For example Priestley describes the house as not cosy and homelike which shows that they would rather have a house which looks good on the outside, rather than one which is homelike and nice inside. Which is typical of Mr. Birling. It shows how they prefer to have an air of outward respectability showing us a lot about their personalities and it has an element of irony to it, they are trying to be respectable and keep out of trouble when they are later going to be questioned by an Inspector. Another dramatic method used is the use of sound and lighting effects. The lighting throughout the play is a very strong way of telling what the mood at the time is like. Priestley uses it well when the Inspector has just arrived and Mr. Birling asks Edna if she would Give us some more light. When this is said it has two meanings. One being let there be light on the stage, and the other being let the inspector enlighten us with what he has to say. Another example of how the lighting and the inspector arriving are linked is in the stage directions, just before the play; The lighting should be pink and intimate until the Inspector arrives, and then it should be brighter and harder. The pink intimate light is seen as being a perfect family light showing happiness, and the brighter harder light is more interrogating. This again shows how Priestley makes the inspector seem tough, and he brings a more harsh light upon the peaceful family. Sound effects are not used extensively but when they are they are used they still give hints to what will happen in the play and how the audience should feel. At the end of the section that we are studying, when the inspector calls, the stage directions say the sharp ring of a doorbell This gives you the feeling of cruelty where it says, sharp particularly, because this gives the idea of the inspector being harsh. .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d , .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d .postImageUrl , .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d , .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d:hover , .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d:visited , .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d:active { border:0!important; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d:active , .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua05aa87184be8524790d65af3ae74f8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The book of Saladin EssayThe short ring that he gives shows that he doesnt have a lot of time and he is there to do business and wants to get straight to the point. It gives him and air of being in charge and this is exactly the character, which Priestley is trying to portray in him. The bell, which is heard and disrupts Mr. Birling, is similar to that of the inspector who often interrupts Mr. Birling. Priestly helps the audience look forward into the rest of the play, by giving them ideas of what characters are like. And example is when the family is sitting around the dinning table celebrating and Sheila brings up the fact that Eric has drunk rather a lot and says, Youre squiffy; this is a hint about Erics drinking problem, which develops later into the play. His drinking problems play a big part in the plot of the play, and peoples opinions on him, as his drinking problems may of caused the death of Eva Smith. There fore the way Priestly uses prophecy and visions in the play helps us to get an understanding, and is very important at the beginning of the play. We also see at the start that Priestley sets the scene for the characters relationships at the start of the play. Just from reading the first few pages, we can see how certain characters are going to treat each other and talk to each other. For example right at the start, when the doorbell has just rang, and Eric has entered the room again, Mr. Birling is talking to Gerald who says; only something we were talking about when you were out. A joke really and Eric replies uneasily Well, I dont think its very funny. This shows a lot about the interactions between these three men. We can see how Gerald looks down on Eric, and how this makes Eric feel insecure at times. Also I think that the audience can see as well as Eric can that Gerald had a better relationship with his father than he actually does, this again would make Eric feel insecure and uneasy about his relationships with his father and also Gerald. Mr Birling treats and talk to Eric in a very patronising manner, and later on this leads to tension between the two, which is one of the factors that shows us how little the bond is between them, and as the play goes on you see them drift further and further apart from each other. Eric mainly feels excluded from the social interactions that go on between Gerald and Mr. Birling. This does eventually lead to a rift between Mr Birling and Eric, which we see later in the play lead him to turn on his father at points. Within the main plot around Eva Smith and the fake suicide (as well as in the opening) we can gain a lot of insight to what the life was like socially and economically in 1912 (which is when the play is set). We learn how the Birlings become adrift from the rest of the community, and this is a lesson, which the inspector is trying to teach them (about community involvement), and the importance of how Mr Birling became very self centred, leading to a lack of responsibility, which is seen well in the quote: youd think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive community and all that nonsense. This is ironic as their involvement within the community or lack of it is the main theme throughout the play, but they do not yet know this. .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a , .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a .postImageUrl , .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a , .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a:hover , .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a:visited , .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a:active { border:0!important; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a:active , .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub3d3aeb5352d7a28f845f8c4e54c6e9a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Around the World in Eighty Days EssayMr Birling often adopts and takes up the ideas of capitalism, looking after his concerns and no one else, higher prices, lower wages, this shows Mr Birling as the typical factory owner who is only bothered about the money he makes and not about his workers, this also helps us to see how Mr Birling is seeing the engagement as a great business opportunity. Capitalism was the most established way of life in 1912, (although Priestly was a socialist) the time the play was set. Where as when it was actually shown in 1944 the new political ideas were socialist ones, where workers received a share of the profit, which the company had made. I think that Priestley would have had this view, and he uses the inspector to get his point across, as I think this is the view he tries to show the inspector as having. We can see the evidence that Mr. Birling is a capitalist throughout the play but it is reinforced when he talks about Russia (which was a socialist country), which he criticises about being behind the times. The most powerful dramatic method Priestley uses dramatic irony which is just irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play. Writers use this technique to highlight their message to the audience; Priestley uses it throughout Act I to convey an idea of the characters. An example of this is when Mr. Birling is sitting around the dinner table with his family and he starts to mention the possibility of a war: youll hear some people say that wars inevitable. And to that I say fiddlesticks! This is a good example of dramatic irony, because the audience would know that they are talking about world war one, and know that world war one would happen, but they dont so at this point they are absolutely oblivious. It also shows Mr. Birlings arrogant attitude, he thinks that he knows best and what he has been told will always be right. The dramatic irony helps the audience to see how arrogant Mr. Birling is, as they know he is completely wrong, but still completely unwilling to listen to any other suggestions. It makes them see him as a man who doesnt look far enough ahead and is far too self-opinionated.

Choosing the Right Word Essay Sample

Choosing the Right Word Essay SampleFinding a word essay sample to study is essential for any student considering going back to school. Choosing the right essay will go a long way towards helping you succeed at this time of transition in your life.The majority of high schools today use their own essays to teach their students the basics of writing, but many of these same students end up taking the SAT or ACT in the next year and never take the time to learn how to write a good essay. By simply reading one or two samples of successful essays, you can improve your essay writing skills. Even those who do not plan on taking the SAT or ACT for college in the near future can learn the importance of writing an effective essay.With a little education and a lot of practice, you will be able to turn a mediocre essay into a top-notch work of art. Choosing the right essay sample will not only help you learn how to write an essay, but it will also help you to better understand what makes an essay successful. Some of the main elements that an essay should have are relevance, writing style, tone, and grammar.The first thing that you should keep in mind when choosing a sample essay is the tone. The thesis of an essay should not sound forced, or that it is just another form of written mass. Instead, your essay should be conversational, that is, it should flow naturally with the style of the author.In addition, your writing style must be appropriate to the topic that you are addressing. For example, if you choose to write about a specific region, or a specific personality from history, then your writing style must be appropriate to the type of writing you are doing.Another important component to writing an essay is that it must be grammatically correct. As you are reading through an essay, you should try to follow the pattern of the writer, trying to determine if your sentence structure is properly balanced. It is often helpful to have a friend or family member read over your es say as well, to make sure that you are following the correct pattern.Lastly, your writing style is important to the essay. You should choose a style that allows you to connect to the reader and allow you to communicate the information needed to get across your point. Writing like an essay on a newspaper, for example, allows you to keep the reader focused on the information you have to deliver, while allowing you to draw out your ideas.There are so many reasons why using a word essay sample is so important. There are so many different writers' resources that you can find online, including blogs, forums, and online articles. Using these resources will help you learn how to write a successful essay, but the most important part is to take the time to learn how to write a great essay.

Huey P. Newton And The Black Panther Party Essays - Black Power

Huey P. Newton And The Black Panther Party During the late 1960's and early '70's posters of the Black Panther Party's co-founder, Huey P. Newton were plastered on walls of college dorm rooms across the country. Wearing a black beret and a leather jacket, sitting on a wicker chair, a spear in one hand and a rifle in the other, the poster depicted Huey Newton as a symbol of his generation's anger and courage in the face of racism and imperialism (Albert and Hoffman 4, 45). His intellectual capacity and community leadership abilities helped to founded the Black Panther Party (BPP). Newton played an instrumental role in refocusing civil rights activists to the problems of urban Black communities. He also tapped the rage and frustration of urban Blacks in order to address social injustice. However, the FBI's significant fear of the Party's aggressive actions would not only drive the party apart but also create false information regarding the Panther's programs and accomplishments. In recent years, historians have devoted much attention of the early 1960's, to Malcolm X and Martin Luther King and have ignored the Black Panthers. The Panthers and Huey P. Newton's leadership of the Party are as significant to the Black freedom struggle as more widely known leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. A typical American history high school textbook not only neglects to mention Huey Newton but also disregards the existence of the Black Panthers altogether. Therefore, we must open this missed chapter in American history and discover the legacy and story of Huey P. Newton. Huey's experiences growing up were centered in his conception of the Black Panthers. Unlike King and many other civil rights leaders who were religious Southerners, from middle class and well-educated families, Huey P. Newton was a working class man from a poor urban black neighborhood. Born February 17, 1942, in Oak Grove Louisiana, Huey moved to Oakland, California when he was just two years old. During childhood, his baby face, light complexion, medium height, squeaky voice and his name Huey, forced him to learn how to fight early on in life. Huey's remarkable quick wit and strength earned him the respect of his peers and the reputation of being a tough guy (Seale 40). Upon his enrollment at Merrit College Huey's academic achievements quickly began to surpass other students, while at the same time he was still able to relate to those he grew up with on the streets of Oakland. Autobiographer, Hugh Pearson in Shadow of the Panther reports that Huey remained comfortable on the street corners with young Negro men who drank wine all day?and fought one another - young men whom most college-bound Negroes shied away from (Pearson 115). Huey's ability and desire to develop his intellect and receive a college education while still identifying with his peers on the street played an influential role in his effective leadership in the Black Panther Party. Early in life Huey experienced regular hostility from local police. He recalled going to the movies as a child where the police would often force him out of the theatre and call him a nigger. Huey reflected upon the mis-treatment in his book To Die for the People; The police were very brutal to us even at that age (Newton 53). Police harassment and physical abuse of Black people became part of every day life for many Blacks across the country. Although the Civil Rights movement was mainly a Southern phenomenon, the non-violent ideology and integrationist focus of the movement became according to historians Floyd W. Haye s and Francis A. C. Kiene as sources of increasing frustration and disillusionment for many Blacks in Northern and Western cities (Hayes and Kiene 159) . As the Civil Rights Movement approached the end of the 1960's northern Blacks became angered by the television coverage of police beatings, incarcerations of Southern non-violent Blacks, employment discrimination along with the police brutalities in Northern Black neighborhoods (Brooks 136). Huey Newton recalls in his autobiography Revolutionary Suicide, We had seen Martin Luther King come to Watts in an effort to calm the people and we have seen his philosophy of nonviolence rejected. Black people had been taught nonviolence; it was deep in us. What good,

Australias Air Quality essays

Australias Air Quality essays Australians consistently rank air pollution as a major environmental concern. The state of our air is an important factor in the quality of life of Australian cities. It affects the health of the community and directly influences the sustainability of our lifestyles and production methods. It is generally recognised that Australians spend 90% or more of their time indoors. Despite this, little research has been done on the quality of air in our homes, schools, recreational buildings, restaurants, public buildings, offices, or inside cars. Poor indoor air quality can result in significant adverse impacts on our health and environment. These impacts carry a significant cost to the economy. The CSIRO estimates that the cost of poor indoor air quality in Australia may be as high as $12 billion per year. In recent years, relative risk studies performed by the US EPA and its Science Advisory Board have consistently ranked indoor air pollution among the top five environmental risks to public health. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) defines indoor air as air within a building occupied for at least one hour by people of varying states of health. This can include the office, classroom, transport facility, shopping center, hospital and home. Indoor air quality can be defined as the whole of attributes of indoor air that affect a person's health and well being. A major concern with respect to indoor air quality is the use of gas cookers and unflued gas heaters. These two sources can often contribute a large percentage of the pollutants found in domestic buildings. Increasingly, as buildings have become better sealed from the external environment, pollutants being released from indoor sources are being found at higher concentrations. As a result of studies implicating unflued gas heaters in indoor air quality issues, unflued gas heaters are being...

Foundations of psychohistory by Llyod DeMause. Summary essay

Foundations of psychohistory by Llyod DeMause. Summary - Essay Example It is in this context that the author is of the opinion that in an event that other mothers would be brought to the world, then the children would be totally different (DeMause 2). This means that a lot needs to be done in the childhood stage of an individual. It is more wary that child rearing became an obvious activity for the psychologists, anthropologists and sociologists. This leaves the historian with a tricky starting point to understand childhood. Studies of the child have not been documented, making it more tasking for the historian. The new era of studying the child, according to the psychogenic theory, is linked with the development of the parent-child relationships, the generational change, emerging needs of the ‘novel’ child, and the psychic organization of passing of generations (DeMause 3). The author brings out the concept of projective and reversal reactions that have been major determinants of the kind of family that is brought up.

How does Ethnomethodology differ from Symbolic Interactionism Essay

How does Ethnomethodology differ from Symbolic Interactionism - Essay Example The study starts with making sense of any object or activity. The Ethnomethodology has reflective and indexicality features in it. The response of the respondent is interpreted on the basis of his reflexive method. The ability to making sense out of any object or thing depends on the context of the object or thing too. The symbolic interaction explains the changing roles and role perception of an individual in the society. The symbolic interaction has three main things in it. The first is meaning, language and the last is thought. Individual tries to interpret the meaning through his thought process and works accordingly. Ethnomethodology tries to make sense out of things or activities. These study the underlying concepts and assumptions based on which that particular behaviour takes place. Both the studies have contributed in the development of a different thought flow and given food of thought to many researcher and academicians. The complex area of Sociology includes the questions of its beginning. Various societies tried to understand its society structures and social behaviours. In the past the drawbacks of studies or thoughts were analysing life with the help of magic and superstitions. These observations based on superstitions, magic and stars were inadequate. The subject required systematic research based on observations and research and development of theories to support the studies. In the middle of 19th century observers begin to use scientific theories and methods to test their ideas and support them scientifically. This started in Europe due to the Industrial Revolution and rapid change of the societal structure of Europe. It was a transition phase for European culture and society. Industrialisation, modernisation and urbanisation kind of phenomenon were taking place. The life, dependency of life on agriculture shifted. The strong structure of village and cities were getting replaced with Trade or ganisations and

Britains Collective Memory of Churchill

Britains Collective Memory of Churchill How has Britains physical heritage shaped the collective memory of Churchill? This chapter will discuss the concept of collective memory, why people remember certain aspects of history and how changing interpretations of the past shape the meanings and functions of heritage. Therefore, by assessing these features we can assess the purpose of the invention of the image of Churchill. By addressing these factors, this chapter will answer the questions: Why is a particular interpretation of heritage being promoted? Whose interests are being advanced or held back? In what kind of milieu was that interpretation communicated? Historians have frequently discussed which characteristics of the past make it beneficial to people. For example, first, history is essentially depicted as progressive in terms of evolutionary social development. Secondly, societies attempt to connect the present to the past in an unbroken trajectory through the use of various types of heritage, such as monuments or museums. Thirdly, the past provides a sense of termination in the sense that what happened in it has ended, while, finally, it offers a sequence, allowing us to locate our lives in linear narratives that connect past, present and future it gives a full and completed story, without any uncertainty which is why it is often reassuring. Once these traits are translated into heritage, in terms of identity, it provides familiarity and guidance, enrichment and escape. More compellingly, it provides a point of validation or legitimation for the present in which actions and policies are justified by continuing references to repr esentations and narratives of the past that are, at least in part, encapsulated through manifestations of tangible and intangible heritage. Heritage is most commonly, used to promote the burdens of history, the atrocities, errors and crimes of the past is not the past that are called upon to legitimate not only the atrocities but also the everyday politics of the present.[1] Heritage Heritage is a highly political process, it is malleable to the needs of power and therefore, is often subject to contestation and manipulation. Shared interpretations of the past, are used to construct and develop narratives of both inclusion, and exclusion.[2] Heritage is constructionist, therefore concerned with the selected meanings of the past in the present. This suggests that the past in general, and its interpretation as history or heritage, discusses social benefits as well as potential costs in the construction and reproduction of identities.[3]   Which is precisely why the way in which the image of Churchill is conveyed matters. If Churchill is being presented to the public as a flawless leader it can vastly affect how communities define themselves and their principles. Heritage is the selective use of the past as a resource for the present (and future), memory and commemoration are inexorably connected to the heritage process.[4] It is either a personal or instituti onal interpretation of history, therefore, the fact that institutions are picking the way in which Churchill is presented on a heritage level suggests that they have an agenda for this particular portrayal. Heritage is a highly politicised process that is subject to contestation and bound up in the construction, reconstruction and deconstruction of memory and identity. Memory always represents a struggle over power and is thus implicated in the who decides? questions about the future.[5] Thus, the image of Churchill is being used to legitimate the politics of the present. By giving the image of Churchill an iconic status the politicians of the present are attempting to build what could be considered as a broken trajectory i.e. to develop a cohesive identity amongst the public that will support the institution that is in power. This aspect of course is harmful, because by using the figure of Churchill, a white upper-class male, known for using offensive (racist) terms for minorities (to say the very least) and glorifying him as a national hero projects a very bad image and encourages people to believe that this behaviour ought to be revered as in the case of right-wing nationalists. The conception of heritage originated at a national scale and it still remains very much defined at this level. Nationalism and national heritage were both developed in nineteenth-century Europe. The idea of a national heritage was fundamental to the idea of the nation-state as it required national heritage to consolidate national identification, absorb or neutralise potentially competing heritages of social-cultural groups or regions, combat the claims of other nations upon its territory or people, while furthering claims upon nationals in territories elsewhere.[6] [Heritage is] [t]he promotion of a consensus version of history by state-sanctioned cultural institutions and elites to regulate cultural and social tensions in the present. On the other hand, Heritage may also be a resource that is used to challenge and redefine received values and identities by a range of subaltern groups.[7] Notions of power are central to the construction of heritage, and consequently identity, giving weight to the argument that heritage is not given; it is made.[8] Those who wield the greatest power, therefore, dictate or define what is remembered and consequently what is forgotten.   Memorial icons of identity such as monuments, memorials, and buildings that have been invested with meaning, carry conscious and subconscious messages and are subject to competing interests. Their very public visual presence translates powerful ideological messages that are never politically neutral, and ensures that the messages they convey are open to contested interpretations.[9] Those with the most at stake in political terms, and those with the greatest ability to exercise power, have a vested interest in the production of sites of cultural heritage and bring the past into focus to legitimise a present social order. It is an implicit rule that participants in any social order must presuppose a shared memory which is integral for a group or communal solidarity. The meaning of any individual or group identity, namely a sense of sameness over time and space, is sustained by recalling the past; and what is remembered is defined by the assumed identity.[10]   Nicholas Soames, the grandson of Churchill is a prime example of this. He has a vested interest in the maintained reputation of his grandfather and therefore seeks to bury any that attempt to besmirch Churchills reputation. Leaders use the past for a variety of political purposes. The nations heritage is therefore brought to the fore to calm anxiety about change or political events, eliminate citizen indifference toward official concerns, promote exemplary patterns of citizen behaviour, and stress citizen duties over rights.[11] Buckley supports this view: the question as to which symbols will define any given situation, will largely be determined by the practical question of which people and whose interests predominate. The selection process is carefully tailored and manipulated by individual members of a community or group with power or influence.[12] As sites of civic construction, they instruct citizens what to value concerning their national heritage and public responsibilities.[13] Such sites represent and embody power, greatness, resistance, memory and loss.[14] [Churchill is useful as to the public he possesses all these attributes] Monuments, for example: [m]ark the great pinnacles of human achievement selected from the past, they give an edifying sense that greatness was once possible, and it is still possible. They provide present generations with inspiration. Citizens re-enact and repeat the past in fixed locales as suggested by their national governments.[15] So for anyone to suggest that Churchill was not as brilliant as stated leaves the public lacking a role model to aspire to be. Heritage, not only serves to reinforce narratives of national identity but often works to supress the identity of minority or less powerful groups.[16] [As Churchills legacy does, he is a figure of war] Heritage inevitably reflects the governing assumptions of its time and context. It is always inflected by the power and authority of those who have colonised the past, whose versions of history matter.[17] There are many problematic positions within Heritage, the most relevant in this case being Uncritical Imperialism. There is a sizeable body of opinion that does not see any serious problem with the legacies of imperialism and race in heritage, and acts to validate it; a formation we might crudely label as uncritical imperialism. This can take various forms. For example, it can appear through simply ignoring, or airbrushing, imperialism from the heritage narrative in question. [This is precisely the type of people that subscribe to the reputation of Churchill]. Uncritical imperialism can also take the form of being outraged at any attempt even to raise difficult issues over heritage and race.[18] If these imperialist legacies are not dealt with i.e. they are overwhelmingly denied, repeated and acted out, rather than worked through it legitimises nationalism and is harmful.[19] In domesticating the past we enlist [heritage] for present causesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [it] clarifies pasts so as to infuse them with present purposes [20] heritage is often used as a form of collective memory, a social construct shaped by the political, economic and social concerns of the present.[21] Heritages are present-centred and are created, shaped and managed by, and in response to, the demands of the present and, in turn, bequeathed to an imagined future.[22]. As such, they are open to constant revision and change and are also both sources and results of social conflict.[23] Heritage may comprise no more than empty shells of dubious authenticity but derive their importance from the ideas and values that are projected on or through them.[24] Heritage is a cultural product and a political resource.[25] Heritages primary purpose is to invoke a sense of identity and continuity. Heritage as communication (Modernity attempted to fix space through the creation of rigidly territorial nation-states, promulgating ideologies which attempted to subsume differences through representations of homogeneity. But all too often, the grail of universal conformity has produced atrocity and genocide as those who do not fit have been driven out or eradicated. Heritage is heavily implicated in these processes as a medium of communication of prevailing myths and counter-claims.[26] Consumption of Heritage Heritage is used or consumed, what is consumed within heritage is its representation in the form of a historical narrative. Agents spend time, money or other resources on the production or reproduction of such historical narratives, in order to have them consumed as heritage. As the spending of resources is involved, it is logical that participating agents will have a specific purpose heritage narratives are not produced for nothing or for fun, but in order to, for example, preserve cultural values, attract tourists and tourist spending, or to reinforce specific place identities. The narratives convey the meanings of the heritage commodity, and as such take part in the processes of deliberately (or accidentally) creating place identities: [A] major outcome of conserving and interpreting heritage, whether intended or not, is to provide identityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ There may be other purposes as well, such as legitimation, cultural capital and sheer monetary value, but the common purpose is to make some people feel better, more rooted and more secure.[27] The general public lacks background heritage knowledge such as the fact that these emblems of heritage that are being shown are only specific interpretations of history. Monuments, museums, and other memorials they inscribe ideological messages about the past into the many practices and texts of everyday life, making certain versions of history appear as the natural order of things.[28] A monument is a structure, edifice or erection intended to commemorate a person, action or event.[29] In contrast, definitions of memorial focus on the preservation of specific memory and on their iconographic role in evoking remembrance. While the monument has often been built to promote specific ideals and aspirations e.g. statue of liberty etc. The memorial is essentially a retrospective form, idealising a past event, historic figure or deified place.[30] Monuments and memorials reassure non-combatants and relatives that the dead had died for a greater cause, one linked to abstract values of nationhood, camaraderie or Christian citizenship. Honouring the placeless dead is this what Churchill is? An icon for the placeless dead anchoring. The ideas are always solidified in the discourse of big words heroism, gallantry, glory, victory, and very sparingly peace.[31] Military memorialisation has become rationalised, routinized, standardised. The dead are no longer allowed to pass unnoticed back into the private world of their families. They were official property to be accorded appropriate civic commemoration in solemn monuments of official remembrance. Equality of sacrifice.[32] Churchills legacy is tied to war so if he becomes disgraced it disgraces families. Identity A major factor behind the decisions on how heritage related to Churchill is presented is identity. Therefore, to assess why particular aspects of Churchill are presented to the public, we must also understand why the concept of identity is the driving factor behind the presentation of heritage and then from that information, assess what the message is behind the portrayal of Churchill through heritage and what institutions would like you to feel from their portrayal of Churchill (What feelings and emotions are they trying to evoke? Who is it that decides what is displayed and why are they trying to make you feel this way? What do they gain?). Tosh argued that for any social grouping to have a collective identity, it has to have a shared interpretation of the events and experiences which have formed the group over time: as in the case of many nation states, emphasis may be on vivid turning points and symbolic moments which confirm the self-image and aspirations of the group.[33] Which is what the image of Churchill is a prime candidate for. These collective beliefs play a fundamental role in securing a sense of togetherness and cultural solidarity which is vital in the formation and legitimisation of any national identity.[34] National cohesion, in other words, requires a sense of collective awareness and identity endorsed through common historical experience. Unofficial memory is often seen as a binary opposite to national or official memory.[35] The popularised image of Churchill fits the message that the institution is trying to get across to the nation very well. During the 1990s, it was fashionable for theoreticians to argue that identities were becoming disembedded from bounded localities and the traditional frameworks of nation, ethnicity, class and kinship. At the core of such ideas lay the key assertion that global networks have diminished the importance of place and traditions, ruptured boundaries and created hybrid, in between spaces. In a sense, this is encapsulated in the idea that national heritage can be reconstructed as world heritage because certain sites and practices are of universal significance. the effect of Brexit reverses this. Hybridity and transnational identities may, for example, counter and complicate nationalist ideologies.[36] The resurgence of Churchills image to the fore-front of the media may be a result of the effects of Brexit. After approximately 40 years of developments in a globalised identity amongst those in what is now called the EU is disintegrating, the emphasis on characters that were seen as typicall y British heroes is on the rise hence Churchill. In a world in which identity is fundamental to politics and contestation at a global scale, understanding the means of articulating often vague feelings and senses of belonging becomes quite crucial. Heritage in its broadest sense is among the most important of those means, even more so because identity can no longer be framed primarily within the national context that has so defined it since the European Enlightenment of the eighteenth century. Not only do heritages have many uses but they also have multiple producers. These may be public /private sector, official/non-official and insider/outsider, each stakeholder having varied and multiple objectives in the creation and management of heritage.[37] Sites of memory and power are often constructed in public spaces, where they can operate as dichotomous sites of unification and sites of division.[38] Territoriality and its relation to identity Churchill is also used to justify a sense of territoriality. Also inherent in the production of sites of cultural heritage is the concept of territoriality. Memory is intimately bound up in efforts to construct territory and place.[39] Territoriality is synonymous with notions of a demarcated geographic space (a territory) which usually contains some kind of homogeneous, collectivised community sharing a collective identity or heritage.[40] Territoriality is often needed to stabilise and mobilise groups or individuals and their resources inside demarcated boundaries. Within societies then, various groups insert symbols into the cultural landscapes which resonate with their sense of heritage and identity, and which simultaneously incite remembering and mark territory. For territoriality to work, the group often places visual warning symbols around the agreed territory further to deny others access into the home area which is precisely why using the image of Churchill is harmful, particularly after Brexit as it only justifies his racist stance and therefore validates neo-fascists ideals. Not only does territoriality demarcate boundaries which are ultimately intended to exclude outsiders, but it is dichotomously aimed at seizing a shared public space and thus controlling those inside the territory. Flags, for example, which often reflect the heritage of a particular group or nation, are good examples of territorial signifiers. They tell outsiders that the territory they are about to enter or pass is not theirs. Rather it belongs to those who live within the demarcated boundary or to those who empathise with what the flag represents.[41] The purpose of using Churchill is to help encourage nationalism, and therefore an us and them attitude. Spatial practices which bolster and sustain the power of the dominant group are essential components for that groups control over the hegemonic values that it represents or imposes.[42] That dominant group is often the nation-state. Tilly, for example, argues that secure territorial boundaries and a monopoly of violence are the two defining characteristics of the present day state. Territorial boundaries are the foundations for institutions such as national sovereignty, citizenship, the modern welfare state and democracy.[43] The interlinked concepts of nationhood and statehood share a dependence on the notion of exclusivity concerning sovereign rights over access to territory. The notion that landscapes embody discourse of inclusion and exclusion is closely linked to the idea that manipulated geographies also function as symbols of identity, validity and legitimisation.)[44] The continuing importance of territoriality and its seemingly intractable relationship with the nation-state at the turn of the century has been questioned. globalisation embodying transnational economics, politics and cultures, the melting of borders, particularly in Europe, and an increasing sense of belonging to a global unit, has led to a distinct lack of engagement with the unitary nation-state.[45] [However, this will be reversed with the effect of Brexit and nationalism will rise]. Histories that are white-washed are streamlined by the rise of nationalism and its cultural solidification through what Hobsbawn and Ranger termed the invention of tradition.[46] It also impoverishes our collective understanding of the past, of the rich and complex mix of the multiple travels and flows of people that have worked in a multitude of ways to shape us all.[47] it gives rise to a sense of superiority and nationalism. The reason that identity is important when assessing heritage is because identity is about sameness and group membership and central to its conceptualisation. Which is a relevant concept when discussing the reasoning for the specific portrayal of Churchill. Douglas argues that identity is expressed and experienced through communal membership, awareness will develop of the Otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Recognition of Otherness will help reinforce self-identity, but may also lead to distrust, avoidance and distancing from groups so defined. Public and National memory Memorialisation was a way to stake ones claim to visible presence in culture.[48] Places that constitute significant sites which have been invested with meaning. They are locations with which people connect, either physically or emotionally and are bound up in notions of belonging, ownership and consequently identity. Part of how you define yourself is symbolised by certain qualities of that place.[49]   This idea is taken forward with both Chartwell house (Churchills estate) and the Churchill war museum. These buildings linked with Churchill are designed to prompt these particular emotions *Insert findings* National memory is frequently thought of in conjunction with official memory that, in most societies, emanates from the state and its institutions, often representing the hegemonic needs and values of the general public. The state is usually the official arbitrator of public commemoration and, therefore, of nation heritage, and as such, it assumes responsibility over planning, maintaining and funding memorial monuments, programmes and events.[50] [Which is precisely what Churchill is used for, he is not just an icon- he himself is also a symbol to the families whom lost kin in ww2 which is why very few criticise him (or are even allowed to) as to insult Churchill is to insult the nations kins and suggest that their sacrifice was wasteful and not justified, the hagiography of Churchill gives credence to this sacrifice   therefore he is undefeated but this is possibly why there is an increasing amount of criticism building about him as family members related to soldiers who died become fewer there is less emotional attachment to the character of Churchill as **** says maybe once those with living memory of Churchill have passed we can finally have a genuine reassessment of Churchill the man rather than tackling a god]. In post-memory, memories are passed down through generations to be represented by people who have no personal attachment to the memory. Subsequently, they seek to re-use, re-enact and e-represent those memories in order to feel closer to their ancestors.[51] hence why those who do not possess living memories of Churchill will still feel so strongly about the condemnation of his character. Emotional memory has also been used to describe the transgenerational remembering of the traumatic events.[52] Yet what all of these typologies of memory have in common is the fact that they are attached inexorably to certain places. Sites of cultural heritage, therefore, such as buildings, monuments, plaques, museums and gardens of remembrance, incite our memories and reinforce our attachment to particular places.[53] Remembering and commemorating the past is an essential part of the present and is important for a number of reasons. Without memory, a sense of self, identity, culture and heritage is lost. Through remembering, identities are validated as well as contested, and the adoption and cultivation of an aspect of the past serves to reinforce a sense of natural belonging, purpose and place.[54] Identities and memories, like heritage, are inevitably selective in that they serve particular interests and political ideologies in the present.[55] Americans and Europeans are compulsive consumers of the past shopping for what best suits their particular sense of self at that time.[56]   This idea fits very well in the post-Brexit world as there seems to be a lot of cherry picking in terms of Anglo-historical figures in order to gain a cohesive outlook after the Brexit result and to provide people with a sense of purpose in a time of relative uncertainty. Histories are consequently bought to conform to the latest fashion. Memories are seen as selective and partial and used to fulfil individual, group or communal requirements of identity at a particular time and in a particular space: Times change, and as they do, people look back on the past and reinterpret events and ideas. They look for patterns, for order, and for coherence in past events to support changing social, economic, and cultural values.[57] Subsequently new, more appropriate, histories are invented: Invented traditions are normally governed by overtly or tacitly accepted rules and of a ritual or symbolic nature, which seek to inoculate certain values and norms of behaviour by repetition, which automatically implies continuity with the past. In fact, they normally attempt to establish continuity with a suitable historic past.[58] [Churchill was from a period in which the public last felt relevant on the public stage]. Tosh suggests that social groupings require a narrative of the past which serves to explain or justify the present, often at the cost of historical accuracy. He states: memories are modified to suit particular situations or circumstances and do not always correlate with historical truths.[59] Histories can become distorted and permeated (often deliberately) with inaccuracies and myths during the selection process, making the act of forgetting in memory construction just as crucial for the cultivation of identity.[60] Interpretation is predetermined by the social, economic, political and/or local context. Societies justify current attitudes and future aspirations by linking them to past traditions which helps bond and unify factionalism.[61] temporal representations as part and parcel of their drive to implant and reinforce their hold on society.[62] Heritage statue of Churchill, Westminster. House of Commons mid stride, hands on hips old. Oscar Nemon Statue of Churchill in Parliament square old big coat, walking stick- him as was at Yalta where my statue will go its grade II listed. Churchill in terms of heritage and masculinity Heritage predominantly tells male-centred story, which seeks to promote a masculine, and in particular an elite-Anglo-masculine, vision of the past and present. The links between heritage and identity are often taken for granted we protect, manage, interpret for visitors, and visit heritage sites because they are, in some way, symbolic of our identities. Material heritage and in